In the past few years there have been impressive advances in the implementation of modern MRI techniques for the assessment of MS patients with the ultimate goal to define MRI markers of MS evolution The authors of this volume not only review these new techniques such as magnetization transfer MT MRI diffusion weighted DW MRI and proton MR spectroscopy MRS that are increasingly being used to monitor MS evolution but also those such as functional MRI fMRI cell specific MRI perfusion MRI and microscopic imaging with ultra high field